Federal Reserve Essays

Central bank Essays Central bank Essay Central bank Essay The U.S. Economy was influenced from multiple points of view by the various assessment rate cuts; the influences incorporate the securities exchange, producing, retail deals, joblessness, U.S. customer certainty, and bits of gossip about wars.The Feds objective is to bring in cash progressively accessible to buyers, who drive 66% of Americas economy, and keep them spending.Most financial analysts think the psychological oppressor assaults of September 11, pushed the U.S. Economy, effectively powerless following a year-long lull in spending by organizations, into a recession.The fear based oppressor assaults have essentially increased vulnerability in an economy that was at that point feeble, the Fed proclamation said.Business and family unit spending as a result are by and large further damped.Recent information implied that the ambushed producing division, which has borne the brunt of a year-long stoppage in the general economy, was starting to recuperate before the attacks.But ther e have likewise been signs that purchaser certainty was starting to melt away before the assaults, and it has absolutely done as such in the days since. (Cnnmoney,10/02/01)One may address if the Feds strategy moves are compelling any more.After all, doubtlessly nine rate cuts in a year would at any rate have affected stock costs, which for the most part resond emphatically to bring down rates.Instead, significant stock records, even before Sept. 11, were beneath the levels they held before the Fed began cutting rates.The financial exchange found that a considerable lot of the numbers it had been utilizing to attempt to put forth a defense for purchasing costly stocks extended from forcefully limited time to by and large lies and one of the Big Five bookkeeping firms was sentenced for extortion. (Macleans, 9/16/02)The travel industry was in emergency, and a few carriers would go bankrupt.On a monetary side, President Bush and Congress had affirmed a $40-billion crisis help bundle and a $15-billion bailout of the aircraft business in the day.

Roles of Human Resource Management (HRM)

Jobs of Human Resource Management (HRM) The job of the (HR) work has expanded significantly lately with some of the HR-related exercises being considered as vital exercises. These exercises accommodate the expanded job of the HR work in the administration of the business prompting the term key HRM (HR the executives) which characterizes the distinction in approach and significance of the HR work. The idea of vital HRM alludes to HR exercises that encourage vital adaptability with the objective of arriving at a unique fit and sufficiently noting the solicitations of the technique of the association and nature (De Pablos Lytras, 2008, p.50). This suggests the HR exercises which could be considered as vital HRM are the HR exercises which straightforwardly sway the usage of the procedure of the association including those which sway the vital heading of the association. These exercises are best observed through instances of HR exercises in associations which can be referenced as vital HRM. The models introduced in this article incorporate the execution of pertinent preparing projects to acquire noteworthy improvement an organizations operational execution, the advancement of information the board in the association, and the improvement of generally ability level in the association. Every one of these models is examined further. The main model is the usage of important preparing projects to get huge improvement an organizations operational execution. The HR work has as a component of its run of the mill command the preparation of staff in an association. The improvement of staff and their proceeded with development as far as expert and self-awareness is one of the principle difficulties of the HR work especially in the ongoing time frame where expanded rivalry in the commercial center has requested more noteworthy aptitudes and abilities from faculty (Kaplan Norton, 2004). For preparing and advancement exercises to advance from regular HR useful exercises to vital HRM activities, the activities need to have a fundamental significance on the side of the associations operational exercises. The examination of Pandey (2007) is significant as it gives a few models wherein the activities of the HR work in preparing and advancement of staff were viewed as vital HRM exercises. In this exploration, the effect on the firm execution was noted with the improvement of operational efficiencies of the associations prompting upper hand versus different players in the market. The consequences of the exploration demonstrate that the Six Sigma intercession concentrating on a contextual analysis association brought about procedures which are the modern prescribed procedures that synchronize with the socio-social arrangement of the association and make it the differentiator, which is supplemented with its arrangement with the authoritative method of working including the vital purpose of the firm, specialized skill of the workforce and hierarchical culture which were totally incorporated in the Six Sigma approach and goal (Pandey, 2007, p.149). Plainly, for the situation investigation of the examination, the preparation activity of the contextual investigation association was viewed as a key HRM action given the effect of the procedure on the general methodology in the tasks of the business. The principle impediment of the examination was that the extension was constrained to one single contextual analysis association. Moreover, the effect was not evaluated and the cases study association was not recognized given classification contemplations and it was simply alluded to as a global enterprise in the monetary administrations segment. The examination of Pandey (2007) identified various different organizations which sought after Six Sigma mediations which could be considered as vital HRM activities given the size of the effect of the activities. Linda (2004, refered to in Pandey, 2007) noticed that the HR capacity of Dow Chemical had the option to create US$3.2 million in positive budgetary effect for the association through the Six Sigma mediation activity. In a different model, Bhatnagar Sharma (2004, refered to in Pandey, 2007) noticed that Ford had created more than US$1 billion in reserve funds from 2000 because of the organizations Six Sigma intercession actualized by the HR work. In both these cases, the HR work sought after apparently key HR activities as the activities taken according to the preparation and instruction of the work power prompted improved operational capacities which upgraded the serious situation of the organizations, and furthermore produced noteworthy money related advantages affecting t he primary concern of the organizations emphatically. In the neighborliness business, a case of a firm which fuses vital HRM in its exercises is the Hilton Group which joins key HRM to its improved business execution and the conveyance of the Hilton guarantee to its customers (Maxwell Lyle, 2002). The subsequent model is in the improvement of information the executives in the association. This is especially useful for associations where information is basic and is the fundamental ability that separates an association from different players in the market. A case of a part wherein this is the situation is the expert administrations segment. The examination of Teo et al (2008) is critical to consider as it noticed the HR activities that sway the key situation of the expert administrations firms. These were the HR activities which sway the abilities, information and capacities of the staff in the association with a specific spotlight on the administration of information laborers as this legitimately prompts the expanded seriousness of the expert administrations firms. It is the improvement of the human capital and its foundation as the key differentiator for the organizations and its upper hand that recognizes this specific activity to be considered as vital HRM. Youndt Snell (200 4) is additionally a significant diary to consider as this shows the expanded significance of human capital in the upper hand of associations versus other unmistakable capital and resources that used to drive the intensity of associations. The effect of human capital and its connect to the organizations execution has been noted in other research fills in also (Teece, 2003; Hill et al, 2003). The confinement in the utilization of the examination of Teo et al (2008) as a contextual analysis inquire about for this exposition is that it doesn't give the particular names of the expert administrations firms remembered for the exploration. The third model is the advancement of by and large ability level in the association. The examination of Sharma Bhatnagar (2009) indicated how the improvement of an ability the board technique is one of the key vital HRM activities that significantly affect the presentation of a firm. The ability the board methodology can affect not just the ability level of the individual workers in the association yet in addition the authority in various degrees of the association. The administration of ability and the pipeline is a vital HRM action as it impacts the authority pipeline of the association (Cogner Fulmer, 2005). Likewise with the past two models, this case of a HR movement prompts improved execution in the association. Ability the board accordingly is a driver of the upgraded capacity in the association and its improved operational and budgetary execution (Chugh Bhatnagar, 2006). The examination works demonstrated for this case of the advancement of ability the executives in an association as a vital HRM activity demonstrate this is viewed as a key action that numerous associations seek after. Be that as it may, the exploration works have not named the particular associations used in the examination works and the contextual investigations predictable with normal private examinations. By the by, unmistakably ability the board is viewed as a significant activity for associations and is one action that is remembered for the class of vital HRM activities. This is driven by the effect that the activity has on the presentation of the association just as the subsequent serious situation of the associations which are actualizing ability the board techniques to build up the aptitudes and capacities of the staff in the association. The ability the executives incorporates activities that build up the work force in the association and furthermore draws in and initiates o ther staff to the association so as to raise the general ability level that exists in the association. The models are just a portion of the HR exercises that could be considered as key HRM. The models introduced are not intended to be comprehensive as there are surely various different activities that can characterize key HRM activities. The models do show that there are various rules that support the exercises started by the HR work all together for these exercises to be considered as key HRM. The HR exercises that are available in an association which can be named vital HRM exercises are those which sway the upper hand of the association with the HR work driving the improvement of the activity and dealing with the activities identified with the activity. These are additionally the exercises which are a piece of the run of the mill HRM work however which currently include a key angle as far as the activities taken especially as these identify with and bolster the key activities of the association. At long last, these are additionally the exercises which create critical advantage to t he association as far as budgetary effect or advancement of aptitudes and capacities or individual which lead to improved seriousness of the association. The models introduced give a comprehension of which HR exercises can be a piece of vital HRM and which of these exercises can be sufficiently significant to be considered as a major aspect of the idea of key HRM. In general, the principle direction for the activities to be c

Next Steps for EA Deferred

Next Steps for EA Deferred On Wednesday, December 16th, we released decisions for Early Action (EA) applicants. There was a definitive resolution for those students who were admitted or denied in EA. Deferred students, however, will have to wait a little longer as we reconsider their cases in Regular Action (RA). Ive had a number of deferred students write in with questions so I wanted to post a quick entry that answered some of them publicly. What new stuff should I send? The only new thing you need to send in is the February Updates Notes form. Youll use the FUN form to tell us your midyear grades and anything new that has happened or will happen. As always, you can send us stuff via fax (617-687-9184) or mail, but the FUN form is the best way to update us. The FUN form is due by February 15th. You may still submit a supplemental portfolio, but you do not need to; I would only consider this if you were planning to do so during EA but ran out of time. If you are retaking tests in December or January, you may also designate MIT as a score recipient, and well add them to your application. You may not rewrite your essays, redo your interview, redo your entire applicationanything like that. We deferred you because we want to reconsider your application (the one you have already sent) in RA. What are my chances in Regular Action? Once we defer you, you are automatically reconsidered when we reconvene the admissions committees for RA next spring. You are at no advantage nor disadvantage for having been deferred in EA. Nobody, not even me, can accurately gauge your chance of being admitted to MIT. With that said, in the last few years we have admitted between 150-300 students in RA who were initially deferred in EA. Thats a small number, but to be honest so is the number of RA applicants who are admitted. Its hard to get into MIT. Being deferred means youre going to get another fair shot. Bloggers who were deferred and then admitted (and blogged about it) include Hamsika and Lydia, and I would recommend reading about their experiences. Can I call / email / owl in to find out why I was deferred? No. We wont tell you, because we cant. We make decisions collaboratively, in committees, and no one person has access to the reason (or set of reasons) why anyone was deferred as opposed to admitted or denied. Having done this for some time now, I can tell you it is almost never one thing that, if only it had been otherwise, the decision would be different. I understand this ambiguity can be difficult, but most selective processes are characterized by this kind of complexity. My advice would be to send in the FUN form and then focus on anything other than MIT (other college apps, your classes, your clubs, your navel, whatever) until we release RA decisions. As Lydia commented in the deferred open thread last year: I actually do agree that the best thing you can do is to focus on things that are not MIT (or other college) admissionsIf I could do things over, I wouldnt think about MIT at all in the months between getting deferred and March. Do this thing, this thing that Lydia said (hint: this is good life advice generally). Im an RA Applicant, but I read this post anyway; what do I do? You are very sneaky. Just follow the instructions and deadlines as weve written them. Please note that at this point the deadline to schedule an interview has passed. How can I contact the office if I must? You may comment on this entry, and well try to answer new questions over the next couple of days. You may also call us (617.253.3400) or email us (admissions [at] mit [dot] edu). The Office of Undergraduate Admissions is closed December 24th through 28th. Some of our staff will be working overtime to answer emails during this busy period, but there may be some delay due to the holidays, so please be patient. Looking forward to (re)considering your applications in January!

Essay about Evolution and Christianity - 1845 Words

The riddle of the origin of man has been subject to many ponderings and theories for thousands of years. In America, two theories concerning this timeless question have driven a spike through the general populace. These two beliefs, Evolution and Christianity, have driven a riff through the American populace and fueled several debates and conflicts over which is the truer theory. Incidents such as the decision of the Kansas school board to ban schools from including the Evolution Theory from their curriculum are becoming a tragically frequent and threaten to escalate if not checked soon. However, there is a growing belief in America today in the possibility of believing that evolution is an inescapable fact while still†¦show more content†¦Although this literal interpretation of the Bible does leave very little room for coexistence with evolutionary beliefs, practitioners of Theistic Evolution argue that several aspects of the Bible (or, more particularly, the Book of Genesi s) cannot be taken literally. The primary reason for this theory is that the Book of Genesis has a major flaw: it states that God did not make the sun until the Fourth Day. The sun determines time because the sun is visible during daytime and not visible at night. The Christian theologian Augustine first called this shocking detail to widespread attention in the fifth century. Augustine also went on to theorize that God made all things together, disposing them in an order based not on intervals of time but on causal connections. Both Augustine and modern practitioners of theistic evolution have pointed out that this minute flaw proves that time intervals in the Bible cannot be taken literally; which proves that Christianity and Evolution do not necessarily negate each other in regards to historical time spans. Augustine also pointed out the possibility that some things were made in fully developed form and others were made in potential form that developed over time to the condition in which they are seen today. Augustine may have been a Christian theologian of ancient times, but his opinions and viewpoints often coincide withShow MoreRelatedEvolution of Darwin and Christianity2002 Words   |  9 PagesEvolution of Darwin and christianity Since time immemorial man has always questioned the origins of life and himself . The answer to that question as there are three alternatives , namely the creation , transformation , or evolutionary biology . The definition of biological evolution varies from studied biological aspects . Some definitions are common in biology books , among others : the evolution of living things is the changes experienced by living beings slowly over a long time and loweredRead MoreThe Roman Empire : How The Evolution And Growth Of Roman Society Changed Christianity1494 Words   |  6 PagesHow the Evolution Growth of Roman Society Altered Christianity Rome was powerful, strong and had power over their people and they held on to it. Rome craved power along with control, eliminating any potential threats, no matter the size. Rome’s population was heavily influenced by its religion to control the population and to glorify the emperor. Rome developed Christianity in several big ways; the first being lowering women s status and influence within the Church. Once Christianity had beenRead MoreThe Conflict Between Religion And Science951 Words   |  4 Pagescompatible? This question is addressed in the debate that is written about in the book Science and Religion, Are they Compatible, by Daniel C. Dennett and Alvin Plantinga. Alvin Plantinga thoroughly debates the topic by covering the compatibility of Christianity and science. He continues his argument by stating the issue of naturalist and science harbor the conflict not the theism. Plantinga goes into detail how some scientific theories without the help of theism has conflict and should be considered falsifiableRead MoreA Look at Prominent Worldviews1349 Words   |  6 PagesChristians also emphasizes that it is only through Jesus for one to achieve salvation. This has been somewhat controversial recently just because Christianity is saying there is no other way where other religions say there are. One of the main characteristics of Christianity is that God is omnipotent and omnipresent. With this, critics of Christianity has been saying that if God is omnipotent, for example, that He could move a rock so big that even God cannot move. This is very stupid argument thoughRead MoreReconciling Darwins Theory of Natural Selection and Intelligent Design835 Words   |  4 Pagescomponent of evolution. Natural selection occurs when some members of a population are better fit for survival and reproduction than the others in that population (Phelan 284-85, 2011). The environment in which organisms live plays a part in natural selection as well. Depending on th e conditions of the environment, the organisms may pass down selected traits to their offspring. These selected traits will allow for the next generation to better adapt and survive longer. One example of evolution that hasRead MoreEssay on Sciene and Christianity512 Words   |  3 PagesSciene and Christianity Generally, science and Christianity are considered two contradictory views of the universe. Science symbolizes an evolutionary and naturalistic view of the universe from which God is (or at leastRead MoreReflection On The American Culture1384 Words   |  6 Pagesis more than 320 million people making it the most culturally diverse country in the globe. Books such as Crabgrass Frontier, Manifest Destination and Muscular Christianity are important sources of information about American culture. This paper is a reflection on the methods that these books use in providing information about the evolution of the US culture. The paper examines the relationship between these three sources and ways they challenge or inform an understanding of the American society duringRead MoreThe Controversial Theory Of Evolution1312 Words   |  6 PagesThe controversial theory of evolution has been prevalent in the minds of scientists, religious leaders, and those who follow since Charles Darwin and Alfred Russel Wallace first made the ideas officially known in 1858. The theory they proposed was that the universe and all organism s within it is constantly changing and adapting to the world around them since the beginning of time. Since Darwin’s and Wallace’s theories were shared, there has been constant disagreement and debate between the scienceRead MoreEvolution of Abrahamic Religions 1022 Words   |  5 PagesEvolution of Abrahamic Religions â€Å"Neither shall thy name any more be called Abram, but thy name shall be Abraham; for a father of many nations have I made thee.† Genesis 17:5. This is a direct excerpt from the king james Bible where God is renaming Abram to Abraham. Abraham became the father of many nations and to day three of the most popular religions that span many people groups and ethnicities can trace the roots of their beliefs back to Abraham. Three main religions sprouted from AbrahamicRead MoreEssay on Creationism vs. Evolution: How did it really happen?1163 Words   |  5 PagesCreationism vs. Evolution: How did it really happen? Ever since 1859 and the publication of On the Origin of Species by Charles Darwin1, his first publication of his observations, much debate has come about concerning the issue of how life on earth came to be. Both the Creationists and Evolutionists believe in the Big Bang theory of creation of life; however, the mechanism for the development of new life provides the conflict. Evolutionists believe the cause of life on earth to be accidental

Medias Influece On Our Perception Essay - 661 Words

Many times people do not like to get out of their comfort zones and try new things. Many years ago Plato created an experiment which would not be possible to recreate; he wrote a story called the Allegory of the Cave. In Plato’s Allegory of the Cave prisoners are chained together facing a wall only to see the shadows created by the prison guard and only to hear the echoes of their own voices. One prisoner was let out of the cave to observe the reality and inform the other prisoners who were in the cave. When the prisoner described the reality to the others, they did not want to believe it and killed the experienced prisoner. Plato’s Allegory of the Cave describes the very nature of human beings. Plato argues that there is a flaw in how we†¦show more content†¦For example, people often believe that all Muslims are terrorists, or that all Christians are evangelical preachers. Neither of these beliefs are true, mater of fact, they are only stereotypes. We tend to believe what we see on the news or as previously stated in the movies. Today everyone believes in some kind of stereotype. Stereotypes are always used to portray a certain type of person, nationality or religion. For example, when people think of blondes they imagine a person who is incapable of understanding the slightest knowledge, or when one thinks of a person who is from Iraq they automatically imagine a Muslim terrorist that they have seen on the media. The media in our world today represents the fire that is in the Plato’s Allegory of the cave, which was used to cast shadows, illustrating the unrealistic images and stereotypes of items and people. In today’s world we need to break away from the â€Å"wall†, stereotypes and fight our way past the fire and out to the world to see things as they really are. We need to reeducate ourselves in order for us to see the reality. We need to learn to believe the reality about various ideas. We need to understand the different cultures around us and learn to accept them. We need to stop criticizing others for their religious beliefs. We also need to clean minds and learn the difference between stereotypes and reality so that we do not allow the stereotypes to drag us back to the wall and the ways of stereotypical

Whispered Samples of Analytical Essay Secrets

Whispered Samples of Analytical Essay Secrets The Good, the Bad and Samples of Analytical Essay On how to compose a crucial analysis paper, you ought to be in a position to express your opinions basing from experience. A crucial essay is intended to be informative, meaning all claims ought to be backed up by a credible evidence instead of simply stated because it strikes the author's fancy. In summary, process analysis essay should be precise and clear. Downloading an analytical essay example isn't a fraud, which means you don't need to worry which you're cheating. The Appeal of Samples of Analytical Essay If you wish to write college essays without difficulty, you should definitely know how to compose an analysis essay, as it's the foundation for completing all kinds of different assignments. Students must bear in mind 3 main differences. They have to write essays depending on the teacher's instructions or their desired style in writing. Alas, several of the students lack necessary abilities and fail in writing. The introduction usually starts out with some kind of background info. The post has mainly employed the illustration of recipe so the sample essay is going to be of a recipe too. You may use quotes or paraphrase portions of the text in order to add evidence. There are special words and word combination utilized for analytical purposes which ought to be learned too. As an issue of fact, a rhetorical essay is really straightforward. Finish your introduction with a thesis statement, which ought to contain the major objective of the entire essay. Write a great thesis statement and make certain that it is centered on the primary idea of the entire paper. Your thesis statement should have the ability to effectively summarize the claim you want to make. All About Samples of Analytical Essay If you opt to search for a rhetorical paper on the internet, you will certainly find several rhetorical analysis essay examples, as it's quite a favo rite hack, a lot of the students use. Academic papers can't contain any signals of plagiarism. There's no ideal solution on how best to compose an effective essay. The very first thing you ought to bear in mind when completing your essay is that you want to start it using a rhetorical analysis outline. Samples of Analytical Essay - Dead or Alive? Generally speaking, the correct choice of essay topic has an important part in overall writing success. When you have decided about this issue and the thesis you will write about, you've got to formulate a captivating title. An analytical essay isn't just any bit of writing nor merely an easy article full of personal opinions but rather, for it to be somewhat powerful and a good one, it must be more of a fair reaction to a question. Writing a critical essay gives us the opportunity to take a look at things from a different standpoint. The Upside to Samples of Analytical Essay You always have to learn the value of editing and choo sing only the best ideas that ought to be included inside your piece. Naturally, there are various variables at work here, and I don't actually have the room to delve into a thorough discussion of all of the relevant trade-offs. It's definitely important to reread the literary piece several times in order to find a complete grasp of the many thoughts and concepts. Criticizing a slice of work doesn't signify which you are personally attacking its creator. The argument is your private reply to the subject and line of reasoning depending on the analysis. There's no overall pattern of the way to compose a literary analysis, as it greatly depends upon the part of work you will need to go over. The objective of your introduction is to have the reader interested in your analysis. There's no particular style for the introduction, but background information is easily the most common technique of approach. The Debate Over Samples of Analytical Essay There are various types of essays that I would assume most of you are already familiarized with. There's an endless number of different essay topics which can be analyzed. You may be interested in high school essay examples. From time to time, even the best students discover that it's problematic to compose an outstanding analytical essay because an analytical essay should not simply contain information on the topic matter but in addition significant analysis of selected issues. What's more, you are able to also take a look at our Essay Outline Templates, which will be able to help you structure your essays. Analysis essays are known to be among the hardest to write. They are your best friends. Based on this issue, each essay will be different dependent on the depth of the thesis. Nowadays it is extremely difficult to locate a trustworthy essay writing service. Writing an essay is a critical role in academe life. Therefore, an analytical essay is a bit of writing that gives an informative observation about the particular topic or idea. To compose an impressive short essay, especially during an examination, you have to be in a position to hit the question and give a straightforward answer while at the exact same time observing the proper structure of an essay. The topic you opt to select for your analytical essay will ascertain the facts and details you want to include. In conclusion, an analytical essay is an essay meant to elaborate more than that which the readers or viewers of a particular piece might actually see. Apparently, writing an essay on this issue of marijuana is too general. The Little-Known Secrets to Samples of Analytical Essay You could also see concept essay. Whenever your analytical essay is all typed up, they will be able to help you make certain it's as excellent as it can get. Try to remember it is not a narrative essay, rather an essay that's aimed toward analyzing the subject. You might also see compartive essay. The very first essay is a short analysis. You can also see self-introduction essay. An analysis essay is a type of persuasive essay.

Commercial Application of Company Law

Question: Discuss about the Commercial Application of Company Law. Answer: Introduction: The facts that have been provided in this questions suggest the need for deciding the issue if in this case, a valid and enforceable contract has been created between Richard and his father. For this purpose it has to be considered it both the parties had the intention of creating a legal relationship when Richard's father made a promise that they will pay $200 per week if Richard mowed the lawns and took care of the family property. For this purpose, Richard's father had been giving $350 to a garden contractor. Later on he refused to pay $200 to Richard and said that as a member of the family, it is the responsibility of Richard to take care of the property. In order to claim that a valid and enforceable contract has been formed by the parties, there are some elements that have to be present in the agreement. Among these elements, it is required that (i) offer; (ii) acceptance; and (iii) consideration should be present in the agreement. Apart from these, it is also required that it should be the intention of the parties that the promise made by them could be enforced under the law. The purpose behind the requirement of the intention of the parties to create a legal relationship has been introduced by the contract law so that the cases in which any action by the court should not be taken, can be sifted out. It is not every agreement made between the parties that can be enforced by the courts. Therefore, if it has been decided by two friends that they will meet other local pub on a Saturday night, although there is a moral duty according to which the friends should honor the agreement but this progress cannot be enforced by the law. The re ason is that there is no legal duty present in this case. In case of the promises made in the routine life, there are a number of instances when it is not the intention of the parties that they will be legally bound by the promise and in this regard, the law also reflects the will of the parties (Hanrahan, 2010). The result is that for deciding if a particular agreement is enforceable under the law and in case of the agreement, if it is the intention of the parties to enter into legal relations, a difference is recognized between social/domestic agreements and commercial agreements (Khoury and Yamouni, 2010). A famous case related with this issue is that of Jones v Padavatton (1969). By deciding the case, the court followed the decision given in Belfour v Belfour (1919) in which it was stated that even if the domestic arrangement is of a very complex nature, still a presumption is present according to which, the parties did not have the intention of entering a legal relationship unless a clear intention to the contrary has been established. For example in this case, Mrs. Jones made an offer to her daughter, Mrs. Padavatton that she will pay the daughter $200 per month if she left her job in the US and proceeded to London to study at the bar. The daughter had a very good job in Washington and therefore in the beginning she was not very enthusiastic about the offer but later on, her mother persuaded her to go to London. The mother wanted the daughter to join her as a lawyer in Trinidad after completing the study. But this arrangement would not work properly because while the daughter believ ed that the mother was talking about US dollars, it was the intention of the mother to pay 200 Trinidad dollars which were only half of the US dollars. In this amount, the daughter could hardly manage to rent a single room and live with her son in it. Under these circumstances, the mother agreed to purchase a house for the daughter. She purchased a large house so that the daughter can rent the rest of the rooms and use this money for her maintenance. After some time the daughter married and she also failed to complete her studies. Therefore the mother wanted to take possession of the house. The matter went before the court and the court was required to decide if the contract was legally enforceable or if it was only a family arrangement and the parties did not have the intention of creating legal relations. The court arrived that the decision that this was merely a domestic arrangement and as a result, a presumption is presented according to which the parties did not have the intent ion of creating legal relationship. At the same time, the court noted that evidence had not been presented to rebut this presumption. On the basis of the legal rules mentioned above, in this case also, Richard's father had made a promise that he will pay $200 per week if Richard mowed the lawns and took care of the gardens. For this purpose, the father had been paying $350 to the garden contractor. But after some time, Richard's father refused to pay this amount. He also stated that as a member of the family, this work should be done by Richard for free. He also mentioned that Richard had been getting free boarding and lodging in the house. Under these circumstances, it can be said that as this was a family arrangement, a presumption is present that the father and son did not have the intention of creating legal relationship. At the same time, there is no evidence to rebut this presumption. Therefore, Richard cannot enforce the promise made by his father in a court of law. In this question, it has to be decided if any remedies are available to Frere Bros as Joe had committed a breach of contract. The law contract it provides that when a party to the contract has failed to keep its promise under the agreement or had not fulfilled the responsibilities that were imposed on such a party under the contract, there is a breach of contract by such a party. Such a breach of contract can take place in whole or in part. Therefore the law provides that if one party has breached the contract, the other party has been provided with certain remedies (Lambris, 2010). Some of the main remedies that can be availed by the innocent party in case of a breach of contract by the other party are the remedy of damages, specific performance and injunction. The remedy of damages is the most common remedy used in case of a breach of contract. According to the contract law, the damages that are awarded in such a case are the losses or the costs incurred by a party as a result of the wrongful acts of the other party. In this way, damages can be described as the payment that has to be paid for breach of contract under the common law (Addis v Gramophone, 1909). The remedy of damages has been made available to the innocent party so that financial compensation can be provided to such a party for the loss incurred by it as a result of the breach of contract. Therefore, damages are mainly awarded by the court with a view to protect the expectation interests of the promisee and at the same time, to ensure performance by the promisor. Contact the remedies can also be awarded when a breach of contract has taken place. Therefore when there is a breach of contract, the other party may have to suffer a loss. Contractual damages not awarded as a punish ment to the party for the failure to perform its obligations under the contract. Similarly, the courts do not look into the paying capacity of the defendant while the issue of the amount of damages is considered by them. Therefore, the amount of damages can be based on the difference that exists between the contract price and the cost that will have to be incurred by the other party for performing the contract. In this regard, the next remedy that is available to a party, for breach of contract is the remedy of specific performance. In some cases, the remedy of specific performance is very significant. In case of the remedy of specific performance, another is made by the court which requires the defendant to perform the act, for which it was bound to do under the contract (Nutbrown v Thornton, 1805). Usually the remedy of specific performance is provided by a judicial order which requires that the party to the contract is required to do something or should not do something. In this way, the order of specific performance is generally made for establishing a transaction that has already been established earlier. Specific performance has proved to be most effective when it is granted for the purpose of protecting the expectation interests of the other party when a breach of contract has taken place. However, before providing an order of specific performance, it is important that the court considers if the innocent party could be provided adequate relief by way of the remedy of damages. Consequently, when adequate relief can be provided by an order of damages, the court will not grant the remedy of specific performance. Likewise, the remedy of specific performance will be refused by the court if the contractual terms are not mentioned clearly. The court will also refuse to make anoth er of specific performance if such an order will create unusual hardships for the defendant. In this context, the law provides a discretion of the court according to which, it may refuse to make an order of damages when such a remedy will not be able to adequately compensate the other party, for example when subject matter of the contract is unique in nature. Therefore, for dealing with this type of cases, the remedy of specific performance can be used by the courts. Another remedy that can be granted by the coding these are for breach of contract is the remedy of an injunction. In context of a breach of contract, the injunction is in order that has been made by a court in which provides that a party to the contract is refrained from doing something. In the same way, the injunction order may also prevent the happening of something in future (Seddon and Ellinghas, 2008). There are several different types of injunctions that can be granted by the court. These include the interlocutory injunction and the mandatory injunction. The interlocutory injunction is granted by the court with a view to maintain the subject matter of the contract during the litigation. Likewise, when the mandatory injunction is granted by the court, a party to the contract is required to do something under the contract (McGlone and Stickley, 2013). In this case, Joe has breached the term of the contract according to which he was prevented from acting in the film of any other company. But this term was breached by Joe and he decided to work in a film of another company. As a result, in this case also a breach of contract has been committed by Joe. As a result, the remedies that are available for the breach of contract by the other parties are available to Frere Bros. Moreover, in some cases, adequate relief may not be provided by the remedy of damages. Therefore in this case, the court may make an order of injunction restraining Joe from acting in the film of another party. Hence, it can be said that in this case, the most appropriate remedy available to Frere Bros will be an injunction which restrains Joe from acting in the film being made by the other party. References Hanrahan, P., 2010. Commercial Application of Company Law, Australia: CCH. Khoury, D., Yamouni, Y., 2010. Understanding Contract Law, 10th ed. Australia: LexisNexis Lambris, M., 2010, First Principles of Business Law, Australia: CCH. McGlone F. and Stickley A., 2013 Australian Torts Law. 3rd ed. Chatswood: LexisNexis Butterworths Seddon. N.C. and Ellinghas, M.P., 2008. Cheshire and Fifoots Law of Contract (Australia) 27th ed. Butterworths Addis v Gramophone[1909] AC 488 Balfour v Balfour [1919] 2 KB 571 Jones v Padavatton [1969] 1 WLR 328 Lumley v Wagner (1852) 42 ER 687 Nutbrown v Thornton (1805) 10 Ves 159.